![]() ![]() This could be worn open or closed, with or without sleeves, depending on the people or place. This tunic or outer garment was made by simply folding a rectangle of cloth in half and sewing up the sides, leaving openings for the head and arms. In general, the most common garment was the tunic, the ketonet, chiton, or tunica (John 19:23). ![]() Many Egyptian paintings show such a garment wrapped around the loins and tied with a belt or girdle (hagorah), and Matthew describes John the Baptist wearing clothing like this.įor religious functions, a shirt or apron was tied around the body (I Samuel 2:18 II Samuel 6:14). The earliest undergarment was probably the kiltlike loincloth worn next to the skin, called ezor (II Kings 1:8 Matthew 3:4). Many Egyptian paintings show such a garment wrapped around the loins and tied with a belt or girdle In the post-Exilic period, hot vats were used for dyeing woven cloth, as was customary outside Palestine.Įgyptian wall painting of a young man dressed in the kiltlike loincloth called the ezor. In early days, the yarn was dyed in cold vats, like those of the installation at Debir (below), which dates from the 8th-6th centuries BC. The Hebrews must have learned some of these skills because later on they were able to build the tabernacle with ‘blue and purple and scarlet and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework’ (Exodus 26:1). The Egyptians excelled in making fine linen, often dyeing the threads to weave coloured or patterned cloth, or embroidering the finished goods. Instead of making fitted garments, the rectangular piece of cloth would usually be draped around the body, fringes and all. When the piece of cloth was finished, the ends of the threads were knotted into fringes to prevent unravelling.Īfter all his tedious work, the weaver was naturally reluctant to see the cloth cut. It was carried on by women (as described in Proverbs 31:19) rather than by tradesmen, whereas weaving was a trade.Ī young Middle Eastern girl sits at a loom, weaving. The whorls were made of clay or stone, and the large number of them found in nearly all excavations is evidence of the universal practice of the craft. The spindle was spun round in the fingers to tighten and strengthen the thread and, to keep this even, a heavy weight known as a ‘whorl’ was attached to one end. The long fibres were spun into thread and wound onto a spindle held in the hand. Not much to look at, but fibre like this made linen that was sought all over the ancient world. Egyptian tablets show the flax being pressed into tubs of water, and Josiah 2:6 refers to the fibres spread out in the sun to dry.Īt right are some twisted hanks of flax fibre, probably late Middle Kingdom, about 1850-1750 BC. First the outer bark of the stems is removed (after it has rotted) and the fibres separated. Linen was favored, but making linen out of flax is quite a process. You could not, of course, go to a shop and buy cloth. Twisted hanks of flax fibre, late Middle Kingdom, about 1850-1750 BC ![]()
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